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Milling is one of the most common methods for processing flat surfaces, providing satisfactory accuracy and low surface roughness at high production rates. This paper presents the results of a study on the surface roughness of machined parts made of GJL-250 gray cast iron and S235JR carbon structural steel, obtained by milling with a single-tooth milling cutter with Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic replaceable insert. Using the methods of the planned experiment and the multifactorial regression analysis, the combined influence of the cutting speed and the feed per toot on the surface roughness has been evaluated, and corresponding adequate theoretical-experimental models have been constructed. Combinations of cutting speed and feed per toot have been determined that result in minimum surface roughness on the machined surfaces for the two materials studied.