This paper examines a possible application of the Monte Carlo Method for the approximate estimation of the number of people subject to evacuation during disaster situations related to flooding in populated areas. The crisis scenarios are simulated using software that reproduces river overflows resulting from controlled dam releases or dam wall failures, as well as from prolonged and intense...
The widespread adoption of disposable electronic cigarettes has created a rapidly growing waste stream containing embedded lithium-ion batteries. In most cases, these batteries are discarded together with the device once the e-liquid reservoir is depleted, despite the possibility that the electrochemical lifetime of the cell significantly exceeds the functional lifetime of the product. This...
Innovation management systems enhance the quality and foster the continual improvement of industrial processes and products. Product innovations are often associated with inventions and breakthrough discoveries. When the output of innovation initiatives and actions results in a product that is significantly different from its competitors and adds value to interested parties, then usually...
A variety of factors have been shown to influence each measurement process, including environmental elements, the characteristics of the measured object, and the capabilities of the measuring instrument. These factors can be categorised into several overarching groups: external factors, the measurement object, the measuring instrument, and the operator. The present paper sets out a methodology...
Strict hygiene procedures are necessary to provide food safety, which could be obtained by different methods. Most known and frequently used hygiene methods are washing with water, cleaning solutions and using mechanical devices such as bristles, scrapers and materials such as cloth with paper. In food processing used materials by itself could be self-cleaning, when they have repelling...
Rolling bearings are machine components widely used in mechanical engineering. They are used under various operating and load conditions. Their widespread use makes it necessary to test them under certain conditions to study their behavior. This paper presents a methodology for testing bearings using the damped oscillation method. A specially designed test rig is used in accordance with the...
The automation of loading and unloading operations for CNC vertical milling centres has become increasingly important due to rising production costs, labour shortages, and the pursuit of higher productivity and efficiency. This paper investigates the challenges associated with automating these processes, particularly focusing on optimising workspace utilization, reducing auxiliary times, and...
In this paper the problem of obtaining a complete picture of monitored military objects is resolved with computer vision tools. The research is focused on the necessity for the correctly arrangement of photos obtained in different ways to promptly obtain a comprehensive picture of the situation in an area of monitored military operation. The consecutive stages with functional operations are...
This report examines the contemporary aspects of managing marketing and logistics relationships with customers in the industrial sector, emphasizing the need for their integration in the context of digital transformation. In the context of increased competition and growing customer requirements in a B2B environment, effective interaction between marketing activities and logistics processes is...
The importance of renewable energy has grown enormously in recent years, with the EU's target for renewables to achieve a share of 42.5% of gross energy consumption by 2030. This is related not only to stimulating technological developments in the field and increasing investments, but also to legislative changes to accelerate the modernization of networks, remove regulatory barriers and...
This paper presents an optimization-based approach for the first-order design of infrared triplet systems in the LWIR spectral range. The method is based on paraxial optical theory and formulates the design task as a multi-parameter optimization problem aimed at minimizing chromatic aberrations and Petzval curvature under given constraints. Numerical optimization techniques are applied to...
The study analyzes the geopolitical crisis surrounding Greenland as a fundamental test of the sustainability of the international legal order and the institutional capacity of NATO and the EU. The focus is on the conceptual clash between the outdated model of “territory purchase” and the modern liberal legalism affirming the right to self-determination of the Greenlandic people. The...
Cam mechanism are crucial for driving different types of drive trains. From simple mechanisms to metal cutting machines, combustion engines, filling machines and many other. Because many old machines do exist, and use such mechanism, a algorithm is proposed so that the position function can be obtain from a existing profile. Also a optimization is carried out so that the kinematics of the...
The use of lake reeds for green energy is becoming an important component. It is important to determine the extent of reed areas, which in the future provides a forecast of the potential biomass volume and calculation of the carbon footprint. There are currently no significant results of research on the availability of reeds in Latvia. The main goal of this study is to develop a method for...
Abstract: This article is part of a series describing the capability-based defense planning model as the main methodology for conducting Strategic Defense Reviews in the Republic of Bulgaria. The proposed prototype follows a sequence of abstract steps for conducting Strategic Defense Reviews to achieve the goal of ensuring adequate defense capabilities for the armed forces. The article focuses...
The ever growing threat of hostile and unauthorized drones drives the need for counter-action, starting with early detection and reaction. The low cost and availability of small and low flying drones increases both their extensive use in warfare and the accidents with them in civilian settings. Efficient and adequate counteraction requires a detailed study of the threat and a retrospective...
This report analyzes the fundamental regulatory transformation of the Bulgarian energy sector, stemming from the transition from the traditional centralized model to a decentralized legal framework for renewable energy sources. The primary research focus is directed toward the conceptual alignment and existing contradictions between the Energy Act and the Energy from Renewable Sources Act....
In the context of the internationalisation of higher education and the growing role of English as a global language of science and technology, the development of both communicative and research skills among engineering students has become increasingly important. This study investigates the effectiveness of a multimodal approach to teaching English as a factor in improving engineering students’...
The French astronomer Jean Picard was the first to make physical measurements of the Sun's radius in the 17th century. In the modern era, from 2010 to 2014, instruments on board the Picard microsatellite allowed for extremely accurate data on the Sun's radius, rotation speed, polar oblateness, and radiated power. This allowed us to learn more about the internal structure of our Sun and its...
This article considers the Dirichlet type integrals, for which closed form formulas have been obtained. In particular, it is proven that all these integrals are rational numbers. The Lobachevsky integral formula is also considered.
This paper deals with the synthesis of state controller for an electrohydraulic power transmission system. There are shown the mathematical model of the electrohydraulic system and state controller synthesis method with state space feedbacks. The controller coefficients are obtained from preliminary defined error performance index. The response curves are obtained from computer simulation. The...
The paper examines the relationship between energy cost pressure, agricultural input prices and farm economic resilience in Bulgaria compared with the EU-27 average. The empirical design combines three groups of official data sources: Eurostat non-household electricity prices, Eurostat agricultural input price indices, and Farm Sustainability Data Network (FSDN) standard results for selected...
An important factor in increasing productivity and optimal use of resources in mechanical engineering production is the effective organization of material flows. Under the conditions of the modern production systems, alternative technological processes for machining parts often exist, which creates opportunities for more flexible production planning, complicating, at the same time, material...
In clean and fine turning on CNC machine tools, it is advisable to carry out active control by measuring the parts after their processing. With this type of active control, accuracy is highly dependent on dimensional dispersion caused by random factors. A solution for reducing these errors and increasing the accuracy of active control is the use of adaptive control of roughing accuracy.
One of the main indicators of the manufactured parts quality and the efficiency of the technological processes in mechanical engineering is machining accuracy. During the machining process, errors of various nature occur, which can lead to deviations from the specified dimensions and geometric parameters. This requires the implementation of modern approaches to controlling and managing the...
This paper presents an experimental investigation into the frequency response of an electropneumatic positioning system, which includes a rodless pneumatic cylinder and four 2/2-way high speed pneumatic valves operated via pulse width modulation. The experimental procedures are captured and analyzed in real-time using a dedicated virtual instrument. The amplitude and phase Bode plots for the...
The EU Digital Identity Wallet marks a pivotal evolution in Europe’s approach to identity management, embedding security by design into a system that will serve more than 400 million citizens under the eIDAS 2.0 framework. By 2026, all Member States must deploy a certified wallet capable of storing and using government‑issued digital credentials, a response to rising identity theft and...
This study presents a comparative experimental analysis of the thermodynamic and economic performance of a compression ignition engine operating in conventional diesel mode and in dual-fuel mode with compressed natural gas and hydrogen. The investigation evaluates the influence of gaseous fuel addition on fuel consumption, brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency, and cost of energy...
This paper presents a mixed-methods needs analysis of Aviation English requirements for aircraft maintenance technicians operating in international and multilingual environments. The study addresses the role of precise and context-appropriate communication in maintenance, repair, and overhaul settings, where language use directly influences operational safety and reliability.
The research...
This article considers the method of posterior predictive distributions as an effective tool for checking the correspondence between data and the
statistical model. The examples considered show that in the role of posterior predictive testing statistics, dispersion measures should be taken, because the central tendency measures do not give the natural expected results.
This research focuses on the role of artificial intelligence in educational technologies in higher education. The modern vision and needs of current and future professions set new requirements for the training of future specialists related to the use and application of high-tech training resources. The relevance of the issues under consideration stems from the need to adapt the training to the...
The Pitot tube is a classical and widely used instrument for measuring fluid flow velocity, with applications across various engineering fields, including marine engineering systems and modern mechatronic applications. This paper presents a numerical simulation of a Pitot tube performed using ANSYS Fluent, aiming to demonstrate its operating principle, measurement accuracy, and significance as...
Abstract: This paper is the second in a series that describes the Model for risk management of Critical Infrastructure (CI) of the Republic of Bulgaria. The first one focuses on activities of developing rules and proposing a mathematical apparatus for identifying critical infrastructures and their assets. The present focuses on the activities for improving protection of critical...
Abstract: Preservation and provision of access to documentary cultural heritage constitute a significant challenge in the context of contemporary digital transformation. The development of information technologies creates new opportunities for the digitization, preservation, and dissemination of archival and library resources, as well as for expanding access to knowledge. University libraries...
Climate change, along with political persecution, military conflicts, and poor socio-economic conditions, is one of the key drivers of forced migration. This issue has become increasingly relevant, especially in light of rising global temperatures, storms, droughts, sea-level rise, and resource depletion. However, international law currently offers limited protection for climate-displaced...
When configuring temporary or hastily built, field or other computer networks, it is necessary that they meet all modern standards and requirements for computer networks and for cybersecurity when connecting to the Internet. This study proposes an approach for designing, configuring and setting up a firewall for a computer network, built and configured on the basis of a Raspberry Pi...
The electropneumatic drive system with PWM control is used in machines and equipment where it is necessary for the actuator to be positioned at a significant distance from the control valves. This leads to changes in the dynamic characteristics of the systems, depending on the length of the connecting pneumatic lines. The report presents a mathematical model of an electropneumatic positioning...
The increasing demand for lightweight, durable, and cost effective aerospace structures has renewed scientific and industrial interest in high performance aluminium alloys. This review aims to systematize and critically evaluate recent developments in aluminium alloys for aerospace structures and applications, with emphasis on the relation between alloy system, processing route,...
Secure and resilient operation is a critical requirement for modular Power-to-Liquid e-fuel plants supplied by intermittent renewable energy. This paper investigates a modular e-fuel production architecture powered by a hybrid photovoltaic-wind-battery system and evaluates its response to short-duration renewable disturbances. A deterministic operational model is formulated for renewable...
The research paper focuses on the important role of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in the development of the European defence ecosystem with emphasis on quantum technologies, incl. with dual use. The research is based on interdisciplinary approach. In addition to the methods of analysis and synthesis of primary and secondary sources of information, generalization, inductive and...
Increased competition in the international wood export markets, is vitally important for European wood processing companies. To ensure further competitive advantages digitalisation of wood processes is one of the contemporary strategies to ensure higher efficiency (reducing losses of useful material and improving quality), but also increasing productivity in order to reduce manual labour costs...
In the context of digitalization of production and the development of the Industry 4.0 concept, the optimization of production processes and the effective organization of production areas are gaining increasing importance. An essential task in the design of production systems is the optimal placement of the technological equipment in order to minimize the material flows, reduce transport...
In the paper, machine learning knowledge is transferred to wood processing industry. А universal Machine Learning system has great potential for the scalability in wood processing industry. In order to increase the yield of high-quality material and reduce the influence of subjective factors in the assessment of the quality of the wood boards, a machine learning model was trained as part of...
This paper presents an adaptive Kalman filter for video-based object tracking, in which the covariance matrices of the process and measurement noise are dynamically updated in real time. The proposed approach is based on a linear stochastic model without introducing a control input, which is justified by the nature of video observation, where only measurement information from consecutive...
This study analyzes the critical interaction between centralized nuclear power capacities and emerging decentralized energy communities within the context of the full liberalization of the Bulgarian energy market by 2026. The primary focus is directed toward the regulatory dichotomy between the Energy Act (EA), which ensures systemic security through base-load capacities, and the Energy from...
The modern state of law is a state of clear legal rules and justice. In such a democratic and humane state, national security is explained, regulated and protected by law as a significant social benefit. Moreover, national security is logically understood as one of the most valuable legally protected goods. National security and its protection arise directly from the law. The rule of law...
The continuous increase in the requirements for the quality of surface treatment of elements of mechanical engineering products from gears requires the improvement of processing and control methods. The main influence on the smoothness and noiselessness of power transmissions is exerted by the correct choice of the method for processing the base holes of the gears. The currently known methods...
In the 21st century, laser marking is increasingly used. Very good results are achieved when working on resistant materials such as plexiglass or chromium-nickel samples, where good color marking is also achieved.
Products that are made of or coated with chromium-nickel are used in the manufacture of a number of parts and products. This is especially true for products that are produced in the...
In recent years, low-voltage networks have become particularly attractive. More and more small-capacity solar power plants are joining them. The motivation that owners receive is a combination of the affordable price of the systems, a simplified procedure for obtaining a design and construction permit. The creation of energy independence is also not in last place.
Despite their local impact,...
This paper presents the steps and the possibility realization a "Brute force" reduced attack implementation on 256_AES encrypted voice stream in a MATLAB Simulink environment. The research focus is selecting the correct decrypted ciphertext from many candidates. Possible selection hypoteses leading to the interpretation of the transmitted information are considered.
The waste management industry faces challenges related to carbon emissions, labor shortages, and safety risks for sanitation workers. This report presents a conceptual design and technical evaluation of an autonomous electric garbage truck that integrates artificial intelligence (AI) for navigation, container manipulation, and real-time obstacle avoidance. The vehicle is equipped with a sensor...
Abstract—Durable color laser markings on stainless steel are attractive for traceability, product authentication, and identification of industrial components exposed to mechanical contact. In this work, the scratch-test response of nanosecond fiber-laser-marked AISI 304 stainless steel was evaluated for a 7 × 7 processing matrix. The laser-marking parameters were: average power P = 3–15 W and...
In the contemporary field of international affairs, the China’s economical, geopolitical, and military rise is a significant factor in the challenges of international affairs. The focus of this study falls on the response which these circumstances find in the context of national security in two states of established economical and geopolitical standing. In this scientific framework,...
This paper discusses mathematical and simulation models that could be applied to shopping mall evacuation problems. The so-called macroscopic approaches are based on dynamic network flow models. The maximum dynamic flow problem and the quickest flow problem are formulated. The so-called microscopic approaches are based on simulation modelling through multi-agent systems. The possibilities for...
This report analyses the role of corporate social responsibility in the formation and development of human capital in organizations, emphasizing employee well-being as a fundamental and mandatory stage in achieving sustainable organizational development. The analysis examines contemporary approaches through which companies integrate mental health policies, work-life balance and employee...
This article presents an in-depth study of underwater exothermic cutting technology with exothermic electrodes, applied to the hull steel of the Bulgarian research vessel RSV 421 "St. St. Cyril and Methodius". Having identified the steel type in previous studies as low-carbon Grade A, the focus here shifts to the optimization of underwater repair procedures. The thermodynamic fundamentals of...
This paper deals with the synthesis of state controller with observer for an electrohydraulic power transmission system. There is shown a method for synthesis of the state controller with observer and the realization for electrohydraulic system. The controller coefficients are obtained from preliminary defined performance definitions. The system has been modeled, and step responses curves are...
Nowadays, unmanned aerial systems play a very important role in the economy, environmental protection, research, and military operations. This is accompanied by constantly increasing requirements for the quality and accuracy of the information received and the commands issued.
The elements of these systems operate and perform their tasks by transmitting data and commands over communication...
Modern requirements in shipbuilding and marine engineering necessitate continuous improvement of propulsion systems, with particular emphasis on waterjet propulsors due to their high maneuverability and efficiency at elevated speeds. This study presents a detailed analysis of hydrodynamic reaction forces generated during the interaction of a high-speed water jet with deflector surfaces of...
This paper presents a conceptual review of the evolution of military camouflage systems from conventional textile-based concealment to advanced metamaterial-enabled multispectral protection. The study analyzes the current limitations of traditional camouflage materials in the face of modern detection technologies, including infrared imaging, radar systems, LIDAR platforms, and AI-assisted...
Abstract ─ A subject of this article is to model a vibroisolation systems for a sterile air compressor. The goal is to investigate the main parameters involved in analyzing the system, which consists of mounting structure, modeled as absolutely rigid body, the compressor itself, modeled by inertial mass, with disturbance forces in operational conditions. In the course of the study several...
This paper presents a method for evaluating the machining accuracy and process stability of the gear cutting and gear hobbing of cylindrical gears. Through statistical analysis and the use of mathematical evaluation criteria, the stability of the machining process has been established. This makes it possible to determine the optimal setup parameters and predict the maximum number of parts that...
In the context of accelerated geopolitical confrontation, militarization of technology, and the “extension” of security to economic, cyber, and societal dimensions, the study of different national security strategies allows us to understand not only what states say in their strategies, but also why they say it. This is critically important for security decision-makers as it will help them...
This paper discusses a method for improving the kinematic accuracy of gear trains through precise analysis and decomposition of the errors of individual gears during assembly. Through mathematical modeling and analysis of collected data, the optimal meshing of the gear wheels is determined, allowing for the minimization of the total error.
The choice of fixtures, the type of clamping, and the clamping force are key criteria for minimizing adverse effects that lead to a deterioration in the geometric characteristics of the machined surfaces. This article examines the accuracy of cylindrical and conical surfaces under different clamping schemes—in a chuck (three-jaw self-centering) and between a chuck and a center.
The accuracy...
Abstract: Forensic photography is performed in uncontrolled environments where photographic and other devices are exposed to both direct impacts (blood and body fluids, dust/soot, chemical residues, water, mechanical impacts) and indirect risks, turning the equipment into a reservoir and a means of transferring traces and contamination between objects, different areas and subsequent...
In recent years, in the context of digital transformation, the concept of "digital maturity" has been increasingly used. The purpose of this study is to determine the organizational level of digital maturity of organizations in the service sector in the Republic of Bulgaria, in the context of the integration of technologies based on artificial intelligence. The focus is on identifying the main...
This paper presents a Bayesian method for recursive fusion of prior and measurement information aimed at improving accuracy in video-based measurements. The approach is based on a probabilistic formulation of the estimation problem, where measurements are modeled as random variables with additive noise, and the system state is described by a prior distribution.
By applying a recursive...
This study examines the potential for using Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) as a management framework for identifying, assessing and mitigating environmental risks within an organization. Against a backdrop of increasing regulatory pressure, climate uncertainty, resource constraints and heightened corporate reporting requirements, environmental risks are increasingly becoming a...
The report examines the transformation of operational art under the influence of cognitive warfare. The main focus is on the strategic asymmetry between the leading global military doctrines. Through a systematic analysis, differences in approaches are revealed – NATO’s reactive-defensive model aimed at societal resilience; the US’s proactive model striving for cognitive dominance; Russia’s...
We would like to present the dictionary we are collecting already for two decades as well as the electronic lexicographical system which is used for the creation of this dictionary and was especially developed twenty three years ago for this purpose. It is a good example of almost-without-financing long-term development strategies of IT systems for language technology purposes, and it could be...
This report presents an integrated conceptual model for risk management, adapted to the specifics of hybrid threats and cognitive warfare. In the conditions of a changed strategic environment, where the objects of attack are not only physical assets, but also human consciousness and social cohesion, traditional risk assessment models prove to be insufficient. The report analyzes the essence of...
The growing use of AI in software security is reshaping how development teams evaluate vulnerabilities and prioritize security decisions during the development process. Increasingly, teams rely on AI-supported systems that generate recommendations for risk assessment and threat detection. However, the extent to which these tools influence collective decision-making within secure software...
This report examines the security of energy infrastructure as a complex system requiring integrated management of different types of risks. The main vulnerabilities related to technological, cyber, and organizational factors are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the need to enhance cyber resilience and the reliability of critical systems. Contemporary approaches to risk management under...
Temperature is one of the most commonly measured quantities in science and industry. Temperature can have a significant impact on the course of various processes therefore, its accurate measurement and control is a task of particular importance for every process in everyday life, science, and industry. Precise temperature measurement is used in all fields - electronics, communications,...
Milling is one of the most common methods for processing flat surfaces, providing satisfactory accuracy and low surface roughness at high production rates. This paper presents the results of a study on the surface roughness of machined parts made of GJL-250 gray cast iron and S235JR carbon structural steel, obtained by milling with a single-tooth milling cutter with Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic...
After cyberspace built its own individual image and after the opinions that this new space has potential to be a war domain, the question about opportunities for undertaking hybrid warfare in it is gaining relevance. The present study is looking for the characteristics of this type of hybrid warfare and their relations with technological sovereignty in the field of national security. This...
Effective diagnostics of WEB services distribution is an important prerequisite for adequate traffic load service planning in information and communication infrastructures in serving corporate clients. Network administrators play a key role in specification and transmission medium metrics analysis in web traffic management. The paper proposes a Machine Learning approach for WEB traffic streams...
This study presents a comprehensive numerical investigation of conjugate heat transfer (CHT) between a fluid and a solid domain, a phenomenon of critical importance for the design and optimization of engineering systems such as heat exchangers, electronic cooling devices, and industrial reactors. The simulations were carried out using ANSYS Fluent, enabling detailed analysis of heat transfer...
Nowadays, computer networks generate large and complex data sets, which leads to problems related to the detection of new, modified threats. Classic Intrusion Detection Systems – IDS, based on static rules and signatures, have difficulty identifying masked - as legitimate or previously unseen malicious activities. The challenge they face is reverse shell attacks, in which the attacker...
This study presents a hybrid approach that integrates probabilistic modeling and Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for the analysis and optimization of reliability and fault tolerance in AI-driven integrated security systems. With the increasing complexity of modern intelligent systems—incorporating video analytics, Internet of Digital Things (IoDT) sensors, autonomous drones, and...
This report examines the possibilities for integrating green building principles within the defense sector with the aim of improving the efficiency and sustainability of military infrastructure. It analyzes the relationship between resource efficiency and the operational capability of military facilities. Particular attention is given to the adaptation of construction standards to the specific...
The rapid development of quantum technologies leads to new possibilities applying certain cryptographic attacks against symmetric algorithms. This paper discusses a verifying method an different approach to applying an "Brute force" attack on 256 - AES encrypted voice stream. While the classical attack application emphasizes computing power, here the focus is on signal processing.
The Bulgarian scientific research vessel RSV 421 "St. St. Cyril and Methodius" conducts regular maritime expeditions from Bulgaria to Antarctica. During these missions, the ship navigates through diverse global waters, encountering a wide range of seawater temperatures and salinity levels, extreme weather conditions, and severe environmental challenges. Ensuring the structural integrity of the...
Considering that artificial intelligence (AI) is the computer technology that has seen the most explosive growth in recent years, we try to explore its application in the context of the concept of sustainable development, and our focus is on the possibilities of artificial intelligence to stimulate the development of renewable energy sources. This is dictated by the interconnectedness and...
In modern ship power plants with electric propulsion motors, the main ship power system consists of powerful multi-cylinder diesel generators. The engine and the generator are mounted on a common frame, which is attached to the ship's hull through resilient (elastic) elements.
Minimizing the vibrations induced in the ship's hull is achieved by refining the mechano-mathematical models. In...
The concept of extended corporate social responsibility is explored in the context of increasing demands on companies to manage not only their own activities, but also the effects along the entire supply chain. The analysis focuses on the role of organizations in ensuring sustainable practices, including compliance with social and environmental standards by suppliers and partners. Special...
Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attacks remain a significant threat to local area networks, particularly when implemented through Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) spoofing. Although infrastructure-level protection mechanisms such as Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) are effective against conventional ARP poisoning attempts, their detection capability is limited in low-rate and insider-like scenarios,...
Abstract
This chapter explores how digital transformation, smart HR tools, and AI-driven systems are reshaping Sustainable Human Resource Management (SHRM) and accelerating organizational progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It argues that digital sustainability is not only a technological shift but a strategic framework that integrates automation, data analytics, digital...
Physical security is an essential yet often underestimated aspect of an overall cybersecurity strategy. While most efforts focus on protecting software and network infrastructure, the physical vulnerabilities of cyber systems also pose a significant threat. This study analyzes the interconnection between physical security and cybersecurity by examining both the risk factors leading to the...
University training within the Fourth Industrial Revolution should equip students with knowledge and skills to face the challenges of the labour market and, more importantly, successfully navigate their daily personal and professional lives. Given the ongoing development of digital technologies, learning in the 21st century is a significant challenge. Although the use of AI tools in the...
The article presents the application of smart manufacturing and the digitalization of business processes in mechanical engineering enterprises in the Northeastern region of Bulgaria. The aim is to investigate the impact of Industry 4.0 technologies on energy efficiency, productivity, and return on investment. The applied methodology uses energy indicators such as energy intensity, energy per...
This paper presents an empirical study of incident response practices related to personal data breaches in Bulgarian organizations. The study examines how organizations detect, assess, and manage incidents involving personal data in accordance with personal data protection requirements. The research is based on data collected through a survey conducted among organizations from different...
The natural frequencies affect ride comfort and stability of vehicle. This paper presents the results of the natural frequencies of a quarter car MacPherson suspension system, obtained with different tire pressures and by using bushings made from different materials. The natural frequencies and mode shapes were obtained from finite element analysis (FEA) and the natural frequencies were also...
Artificial intelligence has become part of daily life in universities, for both students and educators. However, despite the fact that we all understand that AI is shaping and changing the education paradigm, the question of how often and for what we use AI remains on the agenda. Yes, AI has made many daily tasks easier; however, are students using AI for tasks they could solve without it? The...
The article focuses on conducting a benchmarking study to identify and analyze good practices for integrating artificial intelligence into strategic management at the company level. By comparing and evaluating effective models, tools, and approaches, key success factors, benefits, and risks in implementing AI in strategic planning processes, making informed management decisions, and achieving...
The anthropogenic increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide (CO₂), has significant impacts on the thermal and chemical state of the world’s oceans. This study presents an integrated analysis of ocean warming, CO₂ absorption, and ocean acidification resulting from anthropogenic emissions. The research focuses on the relationship between heat accumulation in ocean...
The increasing complexity of modern manufacturing systems requires companies to design and develop a contemporary framework with high degree of accuracy and speed. The demand for precise and fast equipment in wood processing and other industries is topical within modern progress of Machine Learning, more powerful computing systems and approaches. To meet this challenge and to be in pace with...
Digital technologies create conveniences for work and interaction of the human factors in an online
environment, but at the same time, problems arise when using them. The integration of digital technologies into
the business practice of high-tech enterprises is a natural process through which the human factors communicates
and creates business content. Since a large part of communication...
The industrial sector is focused on efficiency of an industrial vision through automation as one of the most popular solutions as in recent decades. The main bottleneck of the process is image processing due to high speed and precision. Graphic processing units (GPUs) and Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) have been proposed for real-time detection, where tasks are now performed repeatedly...
Additive manufacturing has undergone significant development over the past decade and is becoming increasingly prevalent in manufacturing. Additive printing technologies facilitate the expeditious and straightforward fabrication of prototypes and components for a range of applications, which can be utilised across diverse industrial sectors. A substantial corpus of studies has been amassed in...
This article examines the applicability of the criminological “broken windows” theory in the context of military organizational behavior and the maintenance of military discipline. It analyzes the conceptual relationship between this theory and the phenomenon of the “normalization of deviance,” substantiating their complementarity in explaining the processes of disciplinary erosion within...
This paper presents the development of an integrated simulation model for maritime cybersecurity training, based on a comparative analysis of existing training platforms. For the purposes of the study, leading international and industrial solutions were evaluated, including Cyber-SHIP Lab, Naval Cyber Range, CDeX Maritime Cybersecurity Scenario, SeaSAFER, K-Sim, and NavSim. Through the applied...
Modern enterprise infrastructures combine directory services, server operating systems, and database platforms, which significantly expand the attack surface and complicate security assessment. Manual reviews are often time-consuming, inconsistent, and difficult to reproduce across different environments. This paper presents an academic framework for automated vulnerability assessment in...
This study presents a unified theoretical framework integrating thermodynamic and radiative feedback mechanisms in the anthropogenically modified atmosphere. Building on two complementary approaches—an adiabatic-calorimetric model quantifying changes in specific heat capacity (cp) and adiabatic constant (γ) from O₂ and CO₂ mass variations, and a radiation-balance model linking albedo (ΔA) to...
This paper examines the DCSync attack from an adversarial perspective, focusing on its operational logic, execution techniques and implications for both offensive tradecraft and defensive detection. Rather than treating DCSync solely as a credential access technique, the study situates it within the broader context of Active Directory exploitation and privilege abuse, emphasizing its role in...
This scientific article proposes a modern mathematical algorithm designed to improve workflow and enhance the efficiency of reliability assessment in computer networks. The primary objective of the research is to develop an advanced method for predicting and analyzing potential failures in complex computer environments. The proposed algorithm incorporates contemporary modeling approaches,...
In the contemporary digital environment, electronic evidence has become a fundamental element in both criminal and civil proceedings. The accelerated evolution and pervasive integration of information technologies into routine activities, communication, and business processes has led to a substantial augmentation in the volume and significance of digital data as potential evidence. This...
The introduction of models for analyzing the impact of script-based algorithms in web applications on overall CPU load is becoming increasingly important in modern computing environments. However, there is a limited availability of specialized analytical tools and models addressing this problem.
In response to this gap, a model has been developed to evaluate CPU load based on key scalar...
In biology, parasitism is a form of symbiosis in which one organism—the parasite—extracts resources from another organism—the host—thereby progressively weakening its viability. When the parasitic burden exceeds a critical threshold, the host perishes, and not infrequently the parasite itself perishes as well. This biological analogy proves to be strikingly apt in the analysis of processes...
This paper presents a comparative analysis of the command-and-control (C2) frameworks PoshC2 and SliverC2, examined within the context of evolving adversarial tradecraft, shifting infrastructure paradigms and the increasing maturity of defensive capabilities. While C2 frameworks are traditionally associated with the post-exploitation phase, this study adopts a broader perspective, arguing that...
This paper presents the design and experimental evaluation of Generic Routing Encapsulation over Internet Protocol Security tunnels in dynamic routing networks. The study is motivated by the need to provide secure inter site connectivity while preserving support for dynamic route exchange between remote network segments. A laboratory topology is developed to examine the behavior of the...
The increasing digitalization of the judicial sector requires the implementation of complex information systems that ensure high levels of information security, especially when processing sensitive and classified data. However, the application of security requirements in such environments is often fragmented due to the complexity of regulatory frameworks and the lack of structured approaches...
In the era of rapid technological advancement, access to digital opportunities makes it possible to prepare students for the jobs of the future and have a positive influence on the development of their future-proof skills, which will be of paramount value. Amid unpredictable changes in the labor market, critical thinking skills are becoming increasingly strategic and enabling labor market...
A two-layered analytical approach was applied to assess the influence of actual experience with the state and functioning of procedural justice, trust in leadership, and the level of digitalization of equipment in military formations in a peacetime context on service members’ expectations regarding the performance of strategic, operational, and tactical levels of leadership in the command and...
This study focuses on the dynamics of motivational factors for service in the Bulgarian Armed Forces. It aims to guide management policies toward enhancing motivation and retention of personnel within the context of a constantly changing security environment.
The analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of two independent representative samples of military personnel. Each of them...
Military academies and universities in Europe are looking for ways to harmonize military education and training of future officers to increase interoperability of the EU member states’ armies. The rich history of the “European Initiative of Exchange of Young Officers, inspired by Erasmus+” is a proof of successful initiatives, as it offers attractive international training, with one of the...
High-risk facilities (HRF) are subject to strict regulatory oversight, encompassing mandatory registration, periodic technical inspections, and systematic maintenance of technical documentation. In practice, the management of these processes is hindered by a range of organizational shortcomings: facility data are scattered across heterogeneous registers and files, there are no automated...
The Bulgarian Black Sea Coast is characterised by specific biological diversity and is an extremely important region for the conservation of biological diversity on the Balkan Peninsula and Europe. Wild medicinal and aromatic plants represent both a vital ecological asset and a valuable Bulgarian export. Despite an established regulatory framework, the unregulated overharvesting of medicinal...
Pollution of continental water resources has emerged as one of the most significant environmental problems in recent decades. This affects both the natural ecosystems inhabiting water areas and the quality of life of the population. The unregulated disposal of large amounts of plastic, construction and household waste into rivers, lakes and adjacent territories leads to significant...
With the development of information technology, the process of project management in different areas of the economy has changed. Very often, new approaches use combinations of familiar, established project management methods to respond to .
This article examines an approach to project management using a combination of the PERT method and evolutionary algorithms. The goal is to improve the...
Companies operate in the conditions of environmental factors, some of which do not directly affect their activities, but through indirect influence. The subject of the development are the macro factors of the companies' environment, and the object is the business in the Veliko Tarnovo region. The main goal is to present the reactions to changes in the macro factors of the environment and how...
The current paper explores the transformative role of the digital tools and Artificial Intelligence in the field of mental healthcare. As global demand for psychological support outpaces the availability of human specialists, digital and AI-driven solutions offer a scalable bridge to fill this gap. The study examines the transition from traditional diagnostic methods to data-driven, predictive...
The aim of this article is to present an approach for preventing service overload in Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) within Amazon Web Services (AWS). The study analyzes methods for preventing overload of virtual machines in AWS EC2 by comparing vertical and horizontal scaling. Developed block diagrams are presented to visually illustrate the architecture and processes involved in dynamic resource...
The main elements of electromagnetic protection (EP) such as ensuring electromagnetic compatibility measures, communication equipment protection measures, electromagnetic radiation management, preventive countermeasures against enemy radio intelligence have been examined. A definition, basic terms and the architecture of software-defined radio (SDR) have been given. A concept for adding...
Radionuclides affect human health and living organisms through external and internal exposure. This causes acute effects at high doses and an increased risk of cancer and genetic damage at long-term low-level exposure. Radionuclides generally affect health, toxicology and public health through chemical and radiation effects - internal uptake (ingestion/inhalation) of specific isotopes such as...
Radionuclides are mainly bound within soil layers and exist in the Earth’s crust as mineral-like substances that are resistant to heat and electrical воздействия and can split into thin layers, making them difficult to wash out easily. Therefore, in order to extract radionuclides from radiation-contaminated soil layers and reduce their specific activity, it is necessary to separate them using...
Orthophotogrammetry is a specialized branch of photogrammetry aimed at creating accurate, scaled orthophotographs (or orthomosaics). This paper investigates the theoretical and practical aspects of computer vision algorithms in the creation of three-dimensional models of objects and terrains in order to generate reliable reconstruction. The article discusses the capabilities of the WebODM (Web...
One of the most effective ways to test a company’s security posture is through red team assessments and targeted penetration testing. This article defines one of the most effective approaches for determining the scope of the tests and the stages they go through.
The stages include getting to understand the potential attackers, their tactics, techniques and procedures, the modus operandi and...
Although the concept of national security has been extensively examined in scholarly literature, the notion of fiscal security has received comparatively limited academic attention. Fiscal security can be understood as a state of budgetary stability in which public financial interests are adequately safeguarded. Its core function is to ensure the availability of financial resources necessary...
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of human capital development in Ukraine during wartime and the post-war period, with a particular focus on the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. It is substantiated that wartime challenges, including demographic losses, forced migration, declining employment, and disruption of educational systems,...
Critical infrastructure has become increasingly vulnerable to complex cyber threats characteristic of the contemporary hybrid security environment. The convergence of digital attacks, information operations, and potential physical disruptions necessitates integrated risk assessment approaches that capture both technological and operational dimensions of infrastructure systems. This study...
The accelerating processes of digital and energy transformation are fundamentally reshaping contemporary societies, economies, and governance systems. While technological innovation and the transition to sustainable energy are essential for long-term development, their success increasingly depends on the level of public trust. In this context, trust emerges as a critical factor and a central...
Abstract— This study examines the exploitation of water resources in Bulgaria within the framework of water security, with particular emphasis on the structural transformation of water supply systems and the increasing strategic role of groundwater. The analysis is based on River Basin Management Plans (2022–2027), national statistical data, and a comprehensive assessment of water abstraction...
Abstract: The addition of an anomegator to the oil directly affects the change in the tribotechnical parameters of the friction pair by changing its operating environment.
The article presents a multivariate study of the influence of the addition of an anomega to the lubricating medium on the change in the tribotechnical parameters of a friction pair. The main objective is to evaluate the...
A review of modern methods for organizing and conducting rescue operations in water bodies is made. The methods are improved using artificial intelligence (AI) to support rescue divers in underwater operations for searching and rescuing victims in accidents. Modern technologies for processing data obtained from sonar systems, video streams and sensor information are considered. Machine...
This report focuses on mechanisms to ensure environmental security and in particular protection of the marine environment from pollution, including the impact from incidents, disasters, accidents and other emergency situations. The presented analysis at the complex of measures and activities implemented in Bulgaria for prevention and response to pollution of the marine environment reveals a...
The safe lifecycle management of conventional ammunition is a continuing challenge for defense organizations due to aging effects, variable storage conditions, incomplete historical records, and the need to maintain both operational readiness and safety assurance. In this context, non-destructive diagnostic data can provide a practical basis for more transparent and evidence-based lifecycle...
This paper presents the design and scenario development of a simulation platform for maritime cybersecurity training. In response to the increasing digitalization of shipboard systems and the growing exposure to cyber threats, the platform provides a web-based environment that simulates a ship bridge and enables hands-on training in cyber incident response. The system supports real-time...
This paper presents an approach to improving the ground operational picture by applying direct georeferencing techniques from an unmanned aerial system (UAS). The study addresses the growing need for rapid and accurate target localization within time-critical operational environments, where minimizing latency and maximizing spatial accuracy are essential.
The proposed methodology leverages...
This study examines the integration of Bulgarian national identity into sustainable fashion design through the application of digital technologies. The research focuses on the use of CAD systems and digital textile design tools for the transformation and adaptation of traditional Bulgarian motifs into contemporary garment design. Emphasis is placed on preserving the cultural, symbolic, and...
This research described is focused on computer vision tools implemented for detection of a particular military object (or many objects) in a observed scene, given a reference image(s) of the object(s). An algorithm for detecting a specific object based on finding point correspondences between the reference and the target image is designed. It can detect objects despite a scale change or...
The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an inseparable part of the software development process, parts of which are routine, requiring precision rather than creativity. AI code generation speeds up productivity by automatically completing code fragments and frees up time and brainpower to perform more tasks that require creativity or problem-solving. When writing code, the...
The paper presents a orginal model of the e-learning process, developed using the Generalized Net (GN) apparatus. The main stages in digital education are modeled - from access to learning resources in electronic platforms to ongoing control and final assessment. Through the GN-specific transitions, the logical connections and information flows between learners, teachers and learning...
Enterprises operate within an environment that directly influences their activities. Different industries react specifically to individual elements of this environment. The main purpose of the research is to demonstrate the company's reactions to the stimuli from the environment, which has a direct impact on the activity. The subject of the research are the microelements of the marketing...
This study examines the process of digital transformation of the traditional motif of the Bulgarian oil-bearing rose (Rosa damascena) within the context of sustainable fashion design through the use of specialized embroidery software. The research explores the adaptation of natural forms into a digital environment by combining artistic stylization and technological implementation. A...
The modern New World – the World of the 21st century – has turned out to be a world existing in constant crises and conflicts of the most diverse nature and scope both at the local, regional and global levels. Crisis situations are sometimes caused by man, but sometimes they are of a natural or mixed nature. In this context, serious issues facing every government and community – be they local,...
This study investigates the development of secure cross-border innovation clusters within the context of Industry 4.0, focusing on the Burgas–Edirne region. The main objective is to develop and empirically demonstrate a conceptual and analytical model for evaluating the interrelationship between technological development, cybersecurity, trust, and entrepreneurial activity within innovation...
The focus of this report is on exploring the relationship between algorithmic management and the specifics of high-growth firms, emphasizing the mechanisms through which data and algorithms support the achievement of accelerated organizational development. The analysis examines the role of artificial intelligence in decision-making processes, resource optimization, and adaptation to a dynamic...
This review examines hybrid technologies combining dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment and sol-gel nanocomposite coatings to improve the performance of military textiles. The paper examines cotton/polyester (CO/PES) blended fabrics that exhibit good physicomechanical and comfort properties but limited thermal resistance. The reviewed literature identifies DBD plasma as an...
The paper presents an approach to detection, classification
and decision making for disaster relief scenarios, based on imaging
data, pose estimations, depth perception and scene understanding, utilizing AI while performing on low power hardware.
This paper presents a system-oriented experimental study on AI-enabled multi-sensor fusion for field detection of chemical warfare agents. The proposed framework integrates ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), portable Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical sensing through feature-level fusion and interpretable machine learning. Its contribution is twofold: first, it formulates a practical fusion...
This study examines the digitization of ESG reporting through the lens of its digital maturity. The Digital ESG Reporting Maturity Index (DERMI) was developed for the quantitative assessment of the level of digitalization of ESG reporting. It is based on a set of measurable indicators combined into an index that covers five dimensions: format and machine readability, structuring according to...
Bulgaria annually consumes about 50 Terawatt hours (TWh) of electricity. Production varies within the same limits. These are the values over the past 5 years. 30-40 years ago, production and consumption were significantly higher, for which there is a historical explanation. In the last century, production and export of electricity were significantly higher, with production significantly...
This report analyzes the key factors that hinder the development of autonomous energy microgrids in modern energy systems. The technological, economic, and regulatory aspects of their implementation are examined. Emphasis is placed on the role of decentralized energy solutions in enhancing the resilience and flexibility of energy systems. The possibilities for integrating renewable energy into...